Do mowing regimes affect plant and soil biological activity in the mountain meadows of Southern Poland?     

Agnieszka Józefowska  Tomasz Zaleski  Jan Zarzycki  Krzysztof Frączek 《山地科学学报》2018,15(11):2409-2421

The soil biological activity of mountain meadows is a significant factor that determines the health and utility of these regions. The climax stage of this area is forest, but to maintain semi-natural grassland, which is characterised by high biodiversity,low-intensity land use(mowing or grazing) is necessarily required. To understand the effect of various mowing regimes on the soil biological activity and plants, the soil microbial activity(microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase activity and number of the cultivable fraction of soil microbial community),annelids community(density and species composition earthworms and enchytraeids) and plant species composition were investigated. The study area was located in the Pieniny National Park in the Carpathian Mountains, in a meadow belonging to the association Dactylis glomerata-Poa trivialis. The investigated variants were divided according to mowing regime:traditional scything – hand mowing(HM), mechanical mowing(MM), or the abandonment of mowing – nonmowing(NM). The microbial activities(expressed by,e.g. microbial biomass carbon and the number of phosphorus bacteria) were affected by the mowing regime. The density of earthworms was higher in the HM and MM than in the NM variants. The largest changes in plant species composition were caused by the abandonment of mowing(NM). The mean number of plant species was positively correlated with soil moisture, earthworm density, and microbial activity(expressed indirectly by dehydrogenases activity). The soil microbial community, such as vegetative bacteria forms and ammonifying bacteria,were positively associated with pH value, and the microbial and total organic carbon content. The results presented here indicate that there is no single form of optimal management for all living organisms.Decisions about mowing regimes, or abandonment of use, should be preceded by multi-aspect studies,including plants and soil biota.  相似文献   

Simulation of oceanic volume transports through Fram Strait 1995–2005     

Kerstin Fieg  Rüdiger Gerdes  Eberhard Fahrbach  Agnieszka Beszczynska-Möller  Ursula Schauer 《Ocean Dynamics》2010,60(3):491-502

We discuss the model representation of volume transports through one of the most climate-relevant ocean passages, the Fram Strait. We compare results from a coupled ocean–sea ice model with different resolutions (∼1/12° and ∼1/4°) and measurements from a mooring array along 79° N. The 1/4° model delivers a realistic mean climate state and realistic net volume transports. However, this model fails to reproduce the observed intense barotropic recirculation that reaches far north in Fram Strait. This recirculation is captured in the higher resolution version of the model. Other differences exist in the circulation over the East Greenland Shelf and in the temperature of Atlantic waters in the Fram Strait region as well as in surface heat fluxes. We find that a combination of high-resolution model results and long-term measurements can improve the interpretation of measured and simulated processes and reduce the uncertainties in exchange rates between Arctic and the North Atlantic.  相似文献   

Optimizing wastewater pumping system with data-driven models and a greedy electromagnetism-like algorithm     

Yaohui Zeng  Zijun Zhang  Andrew Kusiak  Fan Tang  Xiupeng Wei 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2016,30(4):1263-1275

Optimizing a pumping system in the wastewater treatment process by improving its operational schedules is presented. The energy consumption and outflow rate of the pumping system are modeled by a data-driven approach. A mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model containing data-driven components and pump operational constraints is developed to minimize the energy consumption of the pumping system while maintaining the required pumping workload. A greedy electromagnetism-like (GEM) algorithm is designed to solve the MINLP model for optimized operational schedules and pump speeds. Three computational cases are studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed data-driven modeling and GEM algorithm. The computational results show that significant energy saving can be obtained.  相似文献   

Bedform characteristics in natural and regulated channels: A comparative field study on the Wilga River,Poland     

Robert J. Bialik  Mikołaj Karpiński  Agnieszka Rajwa  Bartłomiej Luks  Paweł M. Rowiński 《Acta Geophysica》2014,62(6):1413-1434

This paper presents results of a field investigation conducted to examine the bed sediment, riverbed morphology and flow structure over dunes in natural and regulated channels. Field measurements using an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) have been carried out on two parts of lowland Wilga River in Poland. It is shown that the bedforms with a low angle of lee side develop more frequently than asymmetrical dunes with high lee-side angles, which are mostly associated with the occurrence of local scours and river meanders. Wavenumber analysis of bed elevation confirms the existence of scaling region in the longitudinal wavenumber spectrum, with “?3” scaling exponents for the natural and regulated channels as well. Moreover, the results of flow velocity field are presented in the form of a 2-D streamwise-vertical vector field, showing several similarities to previous laboratory and field investigations conducted on much deeper rivers than the Wilga. The experimental campaign and methods used to obtain the results are also presented briefly. In addition, a short database of fluvial dunes statistics is provided.  相似文献   

Short-term prediction of influent flow in wastewater treatment plant   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Xiupeng Wei  Andrew Kusiak 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2015,29(1):241-249

Predicting influent flow is important in the management of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Because influent flow includes municipal sewage and rainfall runoff, it exhibits nonlinear spatial and temporal behavior and therefore makes it difficult to model. In this paper, a neural network approach is used to predict influent flow in the WWTP. The model inputs include historical influent data collected at a local WWTP, rainfall data and radar reflectivity data collected by the local weather station. A static multi-layer perceptron neural network performs well for the current time prediction but a time lag occurs and increases with the time horizon. A dynamic neural network with an online corrector is proposed to solve the time lag problem and increase the prediction accuracy for longer time horizons. The computational results show that the proposed neural network accurately predicts the influent flow for time horizons up to 300 min.  相似文献   

Chemical and isotopic variations in the Wiśniówka Mała mine pit water,Holy Cross Mountains (south-central Poland)     

Zdzisław M. Migaszewski  Agnieszka Gałuszka  Stanisław Hałas  Józef Dąbek  Sabina Dołęgowska  Irena Budzyk  Ewa Starnawska  Artur Michalik 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(1):29-40

In 2005 and 2006, hydrogeochemical study was carried out in the bipartite Wiśniówka Mała pit lake of the Holy Cross Mountains (south-central Poland). This is the largest acidic water body in Poland. This report presents the element concentrations in the water and sediment, stable sulfur and oxygen isotope ratios in the soluble sulfates, and stable oxygen isotope ratio in the water. The scope of the investigation also encompassed mineralogical examinations (scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction) of the sediment. The results of this study show that there is a spatial and temporal variability in concentrations of most elements and sulfur isotope ratios in the examined pit lake. The water of the western pond displayed a lower pH with a mean of 3.73 and higher conductivity (390 μS cm⁻¹) as well as higher concentrations of sulfates (156 mg L⁻¹) and most of the cations and anions. The concentrations of Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ averaged 0.8 and 0.4 mg·L⁻¹. In contrast, the eastern pond water revealed a higher pH (mean of 4.36), lower conductivity (293 μS cm⁻¹) and lower sulfate (90 mg L⁻¹) and trace metal levels. Similar variations were recorded in the stable sulfur isotope ratios. The δ³⁴S_V-CDT(SO₄ ²⁻) values in the water of the western pit pond were in the range of −6.7 to −4.6‰ (mean of −5.6‰), whereas that in the eastern pit pond ranged from −2.2 to −0.9‰ (−1.6‰). The alkalinity of the entire lake water was below 0.1 mg·L⁻¹ CaCO₃. No distinct difference in the δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW(SO₄ ²⁻) was noted between the western and eastern pit ponds. Compared to the Purple Pond in the Sudetes (Poland) and similar sites throughout the world, the examined pit lake is highlighted by distinctly low concentrations of sulfates, iron and other trace metals. Based on this and other studies performed in the Holy Cross Mountains, a conclusion can be drawn that the SO₄ ²⁻ in the Wiśniówka Mała pit lake water is a mixture of SO₄ ²⁻ derived from the following sources: (1) pyrite oxidation (especially in the western pond water), (2) leaching of soluble sulfates from soils and waste material, as well as (3) subordinate deposition of airborne sulfate precipitation.  相似文献   

Erratum to: Monazite trumps zircon: applying SHRIMP U–Pb geochronology to systematically evaluate emplacement ages of leucocratic,low-temperature granites in a complex Precambrian orogen     

Agnieszka?M.?PiechockaEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Courtney?J.?Gregory  Jian-Wei?Zi  Stephen?Sheppard  Michael?T.?D.?Wingate  Birger?Rasmussen 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2017,172(9):73

  相似文献   

Ontology-Based Metadata   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Nadine Schuurman  Agnieszka Leszczynski 《Transactions in GIS》2006,10(5):709-726

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Numerical modelling of water transport processes in partially-connected tidal basins     

Agnieszka Herman 《Coastal Engineering》2007

In the paper two types of numerical models – a lumped-parameter model and a high-resolution two-dimensional hydrodynamic model – are used to analyse the response of a system of partially-connected tidal basins to inhomogeneous open sea forcing. The equations of the lumped-parameter model, suitable for an arbitrary number of basins with sloping walls, are formulated based on one-dimensional continuity and momentum equations. Numerical solutions to the equations are thoroughly examined, showing the influence of inhomogeneous open sea forcing and of geometrical parameters of the basins on the tidal range and the water transport through the system, with particular emphasis given to inter-basin water exchange and cumulative water transport through basins boundaries. The results of the lumped-parameter model simulations for the tidal basins of the German Wadden Sea are successfully compared with the results of calculations with the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model, which is used to investigate in more detail circulation patterns and the influence of specific local features of inlet bathymetry on the hydrodynamic processes in the study area. The influence of wind on the basins response is discussed as well.  相似文献   

The influence of atmospheric circulation on the intensity of urban heat island and urban cold island in Poznań, Poland     

Marek?Pó?rolniczakEmail authorView author&#;s OrcID profile  Leszek?Kolendowicz  Agnieszka?Majkowska  Bartosz?Czernecki 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,127(3-4):611-625

The study has analyzed influence of an atmospheric circulation on urban heat island (UHI) and urban cold island (UCI) in Poznań. Analysis was conducted on the basis of temperature data from two measurement points situated in the city center and in the ?awica airport (reference station) and the data concerning the air circulation (Nied?wied?’s calendar of circulation types and reanalysis of National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)). The cases with UHI constitute about 85 % of all data, and UCI phenomena appear with a frequency of 14 % a year. The intensity of UHI phenomenon is higher in the anticyclonic circulation types. During the year in anticyclonic circulation, intensity of UHI is 1.2 °C on average while in cyclonic is only 0.8 °C. The occurring of UHI phenomena is possible throughout all seasons of the year in all hours of the day usually in anticyclonic circulation types. The cases with highest UHI intensity are related mostly to nighttime. The cases of UCI phenomena occurred almost ever on the daytime and the most frequently in colder part of the year together with cyclonic circulation. Study based on reanalysis data indicates that days with large intensity of UHI (above 4, 5, and 6 °C) are related to anticyclonic circulation. Anticyclonic circulation is also promoting the formation of the strongest UCI. Results based on both reanalysis and the atmospheric circulation data (Nied?wied?’s circulation type) confirm that cases with the strongest UHI and UCI during the same day occur in strong high-pressure system with the center situated above Poland or central Europe.  相似文献